Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (Kansas) was initially filed in Federal District Court in February 1951. Charles Scott, a member of the Topeka NAACP legal team, argued the case before the lower courts, which upheld a Kansas law allowing school segregation in communities with a population over 15,000.
The NAACP expected this outcome, and planned to appeal the case on Constitutional grounds. The organization's legal team petitioned the US Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari, a request that the High Court review the lower courts' decisions. Certiorari was granted on October 8, 1952.
At that time, Brown was combined with four other school segregation cases the NAACP was pursuing in Virginia, Delaware, South Carolina and Washington, DC. The collective cases assumed the name Brown et al., v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. (et al. is a Latin abbreviation meaning "and others".)
In 1952, future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, who was then Chief Counsel for the NAACP, assumed responsibility for the case, and was joined by co-counsel Harold P. Boulware and Spottswood W. Robinson, III. John W. Davis, one-time Democratic presidential candidate and an expert on Constitutional Law was lead opposing counsel.
The Supreme Court heard initial oral arguments delivered by Thurgood Marshall (for Brown, et al.) and John W. Davis (for the defense), on December 9, 1952. The Justices didn't render an immediate verdict. Instead, they submitted a list of five questions for which they wanted briefs and opinions from each of the lawyers arguing the case. The questions dealt with the history of the 14th Amendment and their impression of whether desegregation could be reconciled with the legislators' intent in framing that Amendment. The court also asked what remedies should be used in the event the Court declared segregation unconstitutional.
The rehearing convened on December 8, 1953, with Marshall again arguing for the Appellants and Davis arguing for the Appellees.
On May 17, 1954, the Warren Court published a unanimous opinion declaring segregation unconstitutional under the Equal Protect Clause of the 14th Amendment.
In recognition of his role in changing the course of history, Thurgood Marshall was featured on the cover of Time Magazineon September 19, 1955 (a huge honor in that era).
Case Citation:
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
NAACP Legal Counsel for Brown v. Board of Education:
Charles I. Black, Jr.
Harold Boulware
Robert L. Carter
Elwood H. Chisholm
William T. Coleman, Jr.
Charles T. Duncan
Jack Greenberg
George E. C. Hayes
Oliver W. Hill
Thurgood Marshall
Loreen Miller
William R. Ming, Jr.
Constance Baker Motley
James M. Nabrit, Jr.
David E. Pinsky
Louis L. Redding
Frank D. Reeves
Spottswood W. Robinson III
Charles S. Scott
John Scott
Jack B. Weinstein
The Topeka NAACP argued the Brown case. John Scott, Charles Scott, and Charles Bledsoe were the three attorneys, while McKinley Burnett (then President of Topeka NAACP) and Lucinda Todd (NAACP secretary and one of the plaintiffs) helped organize the case.
States' Legal Counsel for Brown v. Board of Education
John W. Davis (South Carolina)
James Lindsey Almond, Jr. (Virginia)
Paul E. Wilson (Kansas)
H. Albert Young (Delaware)
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
it is not necessary to change the system of separate schools for children of different races
The Warren Court ruled segregated schools were unconstitutional in Brown v Board of Education, (1954), and ordered integration to take place "at all deliberate speed" in Brown v Board of Education II, (1955).
brown vs board of education
Brown V. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall, who later became the first African-American US Supreme Court justice, argued Brown v. Board of Education, (1954) before the Court, but he wasn't the only lawyer challenging the idea of "separate but equal." Brown was a consolidation of five separate cases opposing segregation in public schools across the nation. Each had been developed and tried in the lower courts by talented NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund lawyers who also deserve to be remembered for their efforts.Many of these esteemed lawyers (and unnamed others) fought legal battles involving different aspects of the "separate but equal" doctrine in addition to Brown. To learn about some of the other NAACP lawyers who worked on Brown v. Board of Education, see Related Questions, below.
She was the girl that couldn’t go to the close all white school. That is how the brown vs board of education law started!
brown v. board of Which_decision_by_the_Warren_Court_determined_that_separating_children_by_race_in_schools_was_unconstitutional.Ryan
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education
what did the U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education refer?
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