In Tanzania, the hierarchy of precedent is structured primarily around the court system. At the top is the Supreme Court, whose decisions are binding on all lower courts. Below the Supreme Court are the Court of Appeal and High Court, which provide binding precedents for subordinate courts. Finally, the District and Primary Courts follow, where decisions can be persuasive but are not binding on higher courts.
State constitutions The United States judiciary consists of parallel systems of federal and state courts. Each of the 50 states has its own system of courts whose powers derive from state consitutions and laws. The federal court system consists of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts established by Congress. Federal courts derive their powers from the Constitution and federal laws.
the nine supreme judges... :)
Article Three describes the judicial branch of the federal government - which is made up of the federal courts and judges including the Supreme Court. The article specifically requires that there be one court called the Supreme Court; Congress, at its discretion, creates lower courts, whose judgments and orders are reviewable by the Supreme Court. This Article also sets the kinds of cases that may be heard by the federal judiciary, which cases the Supreme Court may hear first (called original jurisdiction) and specifies that all other cases heard by the Supreme Court are by appeal under such regulations as the Congress shall make.
The first level of Federal Courts is the US District Courts, which are courts of original jurisdiction and conduct both criminal and civil trials.The second level is the Appelate Courts which do NOT conduct trials but only hear appeals of trials and verdicts of the US district Courts.The third and highest level of the court system is the US Supreme Court which also does not conduct trials and which is the highest court in the land. It could loosely be termed the "super-appelate" court and whose decision is final in ALL rulings and/or cases having to with Constitutional interpretation.
Dred Scott
Federal judge selection for the District Court, Courts of Appeals and Supreme Court are controversial because they are appointed for life during good behavior and their salaries may not be reduced during their service. These courts are called Article 3 Courts, having been created under authority of Article 3 of the Constitution. Federal judges, especially on the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, can have a great impact on the interpretation of our laws for many years. Conservative minded Presidents and Senators want conservative minded judges just as liberal minded Presidents and Senators want liberal-minded judges. So when a conservative judge is nominated for the court and a liberal Senate has to confirm, (and vice versa) there will be controversy. There are other federal courts referred to as Article 1 courts, whose judges do not have lifetime tenure.
Supreme Court
Legislative courts are those federal courts set up by Congress under its implied or plenary powers, for special purposes. For example, the Court of Military Appeals, the Court of Veterans Appeals, and territorial courts are legislative courts, whose judges serve fixed-length terms.
None. U. S. District Courts do not establish binding precedents.
Spain and India
USA is best