Jewish people
You are referring to a Jewish person. Any Jewish person.
It is the religion of the Jews.
The two words are closely related. "Judaism" is a noun whose meaning is "the Jewish religion." "Jewish" is an adjective whose meaning is "a person whose religion is Judaism." If you're Jewish, you practice Judaism.
Israel.See also:Religion-demographics in IsraelMore about Israel
No. These are completely different terms One is a language, and the other is a religion:1. Hebrew is the language of the Jews and one of the official languages of Israel.2. Muslim refers to a monotheistic religion of Arabs (and others) who live mainly in the Middle East and Africa. However there are large Muslim populations in many countries outside the Middle East. The main religious language of Muslims is Arabic.
Judaism has the Torah, which is made up of 5 books. However, the Tanach (Jewish Bible) has three sections, not five. These sections are: Torah (Teachings), Nevi'im (Prophets), and K'tuvim (Writings).
Today we worship in synagogues. In ancient times, there was also the Holy Temple, whose ruins are found in Jerusalem.
This question is comparing apples to Oranges. Judaism is a religion while Islamism is a political philosophy. Judaism is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people. It is a monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel. Islam is a religion. Islamism, however, is something else. It is a political ideology whose goal is to bring the religious tenets of Islam into the daily functioning of a government and its laws. Islamism is a modern movement whose roots began contemporaneously with the rise of Salafism in the late 1800s and early 1900s in Egypt. Islamism is not by nature violent or expansive. Many Islamist movements have concrete nationalistic goals such as the Islamists in power in Turkey.
This question is comparing apples to oranges. Judaism is a religion while Islamism is a political philosophy. Judaism is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people. It is a monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel. Islam is a religion. Islamism, however, is something else. It is a political ideology whose goal is to bring the religious tenets of Islam into the daily functioning of a government and its laws. Islamism is a modern movement whose roots began contemporaneously with the rise of Salafism in the late 1800s and early 1900s in Egypt. Islamism is not by nature violent or expansive. Many Islamist movements have concrete nationalistic goals such as the Islamists in power in Turkey.
Islam is the primary religion of every Middle Eastern country except Israel, whose primary religion is Judaism.
Judaism has three forefathers: Abraham, Isaac, and Yaakov. Jews whose father or mother are unknown (or converts) have the Hebrew name ending on "son/daughter of Abraham and Sarah".
It is actually undetermined how many religions are in the world but in the Jewish religion there were 48 prophets and seven prophetesses whose words were recorded in the Hebrew Bible.