However, the final verdict is the one that the popularity of usage points towards, which is undoubtedly Graphite. As much as 70% of all EDM electrodes that you will find globally are EDM Graphite. The number is significantly more significant in the mainland US, where it accounts for a whopping 95% of all electrodes used. The question that will naturally come to your mind is why such a large majority of people choose graphite EDM electrodes over copper EDM electrodes. Let's delve into that.
Benefits Of Graphite EDM Electrode
The Reduced Costs Associated With Such An Electrode Material
While on the surface level, it is true that copper is more affordable than Graphite, but in the case of EDM electrodes, things are not quite simple. Such cost estimates are often made by comparing copper prices to expensive grades of the graphite material. When you factor in the fact that there are indeed many graphite material varieties, some cheaper than copper, the statement does not quite hold ground. Another EDM manufacturing expense that simple estimates of material costs miss out on is the expenses associated with machining the electrode itself.
You can save money by choosing graphite EDM electrodes over ones made from copper. The following factors result in such savings:
Enhanced cutting speeds
Less machining times
Electrode production is less time consuming
EDM times also increase by using graphite electrodes
Copper is a better conductor of electricity than graphite. Copper has more free electrons that can move easily, allowing electricity to flow more efficiently through it. Graphite, on the other hand, has delocalized electrons that are not as free to move, resulting in lower conductivity.
Copper electrode will dissolve in water to form copper ions, while silver electrode will not dissolve in water as silver is relatively unreactive. Copper ions will be present in the water solution after dissolving the copper electrode.
Advantages are that Tungsten is a very good electricl conductor. Better than copper
To copper-plate another metal, the procedure is pretty simple. You need a DC power source, a bath of copper sulphate, and a copper electrode. Connect the positive terminal of the battery to the copper electrode, and the negative to the item to be plated. When the copper electrode and the item are placed in the copper sulphate solution, the circuit is complete and copper electrons will stick to the item.
In a zinc-copper cell, the zinc electrode is negative. This is because zinc undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to form Zn²⁺ ions, while the copper electrode undergoes reduction, gaining electrons to form metallic copper from Cu²⁺ ions. The flow of electrons from the zinc electrode to the copper electrode establishes the negative charge at the zinc electrode.
Copper ions will move towards the cathode (negative electrode) and iron ions will move towards the anode (positive electrode) in an electrolytic cell.
EDM electrodes consist of highly conductive and/or arc erosion-resistant materials such as graphite or copper. EDM is an acronym for electrical discharge machining, a process that uses a controlled electrical spark to erode metal.
Zinc
Graphite is used in electrotyping as a conductive material for creating molds of copper printing plates. In the manufacture of gramophone records, graphite is used as a lubricant in the vinyl pressing process to ensure smooth release of the final product from the molds.
Copper ions in a solution typically move towards the cathode electrode during electrolysis, as they gain electrons and are reduced to form solid copper. This process helps to plate the cathode with a layer of copper metal.
Ni(s)
Cu(s)