The strongest argument that can be made in favor of exempting computer software from copyright protection is that the restrictive nature of current legislation retards potential advances and stifles creativity.
Ostensibly the purpose of copyright is "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts..." (US Constitution, Article 1 section 8, clause 8) however with the ability to "lock down" a copyrighted work for 110 years* (or more) advances/improvements that could be created with the original as a base are instead limited to those who can afford to license the software.
*note: the 100 year figure is arrived at by assuming the average age of a programmer to be 30 with a life expectancy of 70. With current copyright law this gives 40 years of restriction + 70 years post mortem)
Everything on your computer should be protected by a firewall and anti virus software. Personal information and files should be password protected. Passwords should not be stored on the computer.
According to copyright laws in most countries, "musical works" are specifically listed among protected works. The intent of copyright is to encourage creativity, and music is certainly creative.
Yes, websites should be copyrighted. The exact design, layout, and content of a website should be protected in order to prevent any lookalikes.
Computer software engineers should have a background in software and computers. They should also have a bachelor's degree in computer science.
The copyright on the font is the same regardless of its usage. The embedded metadata on the font software should include rights information.
The best software you should go though Microsoft they have the best computer software that you can purchase. They will also help you locate the best software for your computer.
Reasonably short quotes, properly cited, should be defensible under fair use.
You will find that most material on websites is protected under copyright. The website owner should be able to tell you who the copyright owner is. You would then negotiate a price with the copyright owner to allow you to use their material.
If by "script" you mean "screenplay", you can't get a patent on it. You should be trying to get a copyright. Technically, if your script has been written, it's already protected by U.S. copyright law. Once any original work of authorship is fixed into any tangible medium (in this case, once it's written down), it is protected by copyright. However, to get many substantive protections, you should register your work with the U.S. Copyright Office (see related links). For clarification, you can also see the related links for explanations of the difference between copyright and patent.
Works of sufficient originality are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are fixed in a tangible medium (more simply, songs are protected as soon as they are recorded). To sell recordings on CD Baby, you will need a mechanical license for anything that is not your own original work.
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