Rotation and revolution. Gravity and Inertia. See Kepler's Law of Planetary motion.
The Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun.
The earth rotates on its axis. It revolves around the sun.
No, only once. Exactly.
No. The Moon rotates around its own axis as it revoles around Earth.
Mars does not rotate around the Earth. It rotates on its axis, and it revolves around the Sun, just as all the other planets do.
The moon rotates on its own geometrical axis. It revolves around the Earth.
No. The moon rotates once for every orbit it makes around Earth.
The Moon both revolves (orbits) around the Earth and rotates on its axis. It takes about 27.3 days for the Moon to make one orbit around the Earth and also about the same amount of time (27.3 days) for it to complete one rotation on its axis. This synchronous rotation is why we always see the same side of the Moon facing Earth.
The Sun does not rotate around the Earth, nor does the Earth rotate around the Sun. The Earth revolves around the Sun each year, and each body rotates about its own axis: once a day for the Earth, once in about 25 days for the Sun.
Axis
It rotates around it's own axis and revolves around the nucleus. In Hydrogen atom it revolves around the proton.
The moon rotates on it's axis as it revolves around the Earth, taking 29.5 days. This is why we can never see the 'back' of the moon from Earth.