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trial-and-error
zero error apparatus error experimental condition experiment error parallax error
Zero error and parallax error
p=mv %errror in p= %error in m+%error in v lowest value of m=0 hence %error in velocity=100% k.e=%error in mass=2*%error in velocity K.E=200% similarly K.Eminimun=100% total error in K.E = 100+200 =300 hence error in ke = 300%
an error that a human makes
Collimation Error: Collimation error occurs when the collimation axis is not truly horizontal when the instrument is level. The effect is illustrated in the sketch below, where the collimation axis is tilted with respect to the horizontal by an angle α: Figure ( ) In this particular example, the effect is to read too high on the staff. For a typical collimation error of 20", over a sight length of 50m the effect is 5mm. If the sight lengths for back sight and foresight are equal, the linear effect is the same for both readings. When the height difference is calculated, this effect cancels: δh = (b + s. α) - (f + s. α) = b - f That is, the effect of the collimation error is eliminated if sight lengths are kept equal.
Is error comes when the line of sight does not coincide with the optical axis of theodolite.
is to eliminate collimation error
error in alignment between the optical axis of a telescope & the declination. it is line set out by the optical axis of the instrument ( level). so it is just an imaginary line that describes the ray of light that allows us to read different values from the leveling staff. this term arose from the fact that in differential leveling in surveying we must construct horizontal line of sight, but due to collimation error the collimation line (i.e. line of sight) will not be 100% horizontal (by horizontal we mean tangent the level surface at the instrument position), instead it will be slightly deviated. so what we are looking to achieve when we eliminate the collimation error (using the 2 peg test) is a horizontal line of collimation.
it is line set out by the optical axis of the instrument ( level). so it is just an imaginary line that describes the ray of light that allowes us to read different values from the leveling staff. this term arose from the fact that in differential leveling in surveying we must construct horizontal line of sight, but due to collimation error the collimation line (i.e. line of sight) will not be 100% horizontal (by horizontal we mean tangent the level surface at the instrument position), instead it will be slightly deviated. so what we are looking to achieve when we eliminate the collimation error (using the 2 peg test) is a horizontal line of collimation.
there are few types of errors in levelling...... these arr...... 1- instrumental error 2- collimation error 3- errors due to curvature and refraction 4- some other errors also
Velocity error,stylus speed error, pythagoras error,multiple echoes, zero line adjustment error
A two peg test is a test for error within a surveying level. This test gives a fairly accurate check for the amount of collimation error. Collimation error is the difference between what the level hairs in the scope say is level, and what is actually level. To run the test, put two "pegs" e.g. (PK nails, Leveling turtles, etc) 100' apart from eachother. Place the level halfway between the two pegs. Take readings on both pegs and find the difference in elevation. Move the level 20 past either peg and take readings from both pegs. Find the difference in elevation again. If the elevation is different from the first readings, there is a collimation error.
Velocity error,stylus speed error, pythagoras error,multiple echoes, zero line adjustment error
Error message on monitor
Post Trial Balance Adjustment means that after prepared of trial balance if any error be locate and trial balance be not tally then suspense a/c be made and through error can be rectifyand after that trial balance is adjust.
That requires a scan tool.