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Because they are the lining of the lungs that begin the process of taking oxygen out of the air and into the blood stream. They are the parts that actually coe into contact with the "air" and are therefore called the functional part of the lungs.

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Q: Why are aveoli called the functional units of the lungs?
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Alveoli are the smallest functional units of the lungs. Therefore, they belong to the respiratory system.


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