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Disk brakes perform better than drums. Most of the braking takes place through the front wheel, hence the need to have the better brakes there. Drums probably offer better longevity and lower operational costs, but that is a matter of debate, and allow for a mechanical means of using a "handbrake" (or emergency brake) without the need for hydraulics.

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Q: Why are disc brakes placed on front wheels rather than the rear wheels?
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All modern mass-produced cars and light trucks DO have hydraulic brakes on the front and the rear wheels. Heavy trucks generally have air brakes on all the wheels. Maybe you are thinking of cars that have disk brakes on the front and drum brakes on the rear? On cars, these are both hydraulically operated using the same hydraulic (brake) fluid. In normal stopping situations, the front brakes do more work than the rear brakes. Maybe 70 or 80% of the braking is done by the front wheels (it depends on where the weight is in the car and how fast you stop). Disk brakes are a somewhat better brake for a car, but drum brakes are a little cheaper to manufacture. So, disk brakes are almost always used on the front wheels where the braking is more important. Drum brakes are used on the back of some cars to save money. Note that performance cars (sports cars) almost always have disk brakes on all of the wheels.


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