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Low Head dams often have tops that are below the water surface. But aside from their lack of visibility, they can create a fatal trap for small boats. Water going over a low-head dam creates a strong recirculating current (a backroller) and a turbulent upflow (a boil). These currents can push boats back against the downstream side of the dam, where the boats may capsize and their occupants may be pulled under.
Backwash can pin you and the boat indefinitely.
Backwash can pin you and the boat indefinitely.
Low-head dams are dangerous because people fail to realize that these dams are just as dangerous as larger dams. The movement of the water at the base can pull people under and trap them. These low-head dams have been nicknamed 'drowning machines.'
Portage. Low head Dams are very dangerous.
They pose hazards both above and below dams
Low head dams pose hazards both above and below dams.They pose hazards both above and below dams
They pose hazards both above and below dams
The answer depends on what you mean by "better", in other words, what your purpose is. The answer also depends on the dam sites and other factors such as construction cost. Lets assume you are talking about dams on a uniform valley, and that we ignore other factors such as construction expense. If the dams are to control erosion, then probably two dams are as good as one. If the dams are to provide a reservoir of drinking water, then its easy to see that one dam holds more water: just think of replacing the downstream small dam with the big dam (whose top is at greater elevation than the top of the upstream small dam) and you can visualize it holds more water than the two small dams.) If the dams are to generate electricity, then loosely speaking, one large dam is equivalent to two small dams. This is true only if the water of the lower dam reaches the base of the upper small dam. Then the equivalent volume of water goes through both the pair of small dams and the large dam, and the sum of the heads of the two small dams equals the head of the large dam, so the generated electricity is the same.
Low head dams pose hazards both above and below dams.They pose hazards both above and below dams
Low head dams pose hazards both above and below dams.They pose hazards both above and below dams
backroller at the base of the dam