Because satellites can't stay in orbit if they're moving through air,
so they have to be high enough where there's no air.
If you're talking about the types of images on programs such as Google... They're taken by satellites that orbit the earth many miles above the ground.
SatellitesSatellites orbit in outer space, not in the earth. They are sent to outer space where the gravitational pull of the earth pulls them around, just as the earth is pulled around the sun in a similar manner. The layer is the exosphere. It greatly depends on what the satellite is for and who owns it how far up it orbits. Imaging satellites need to be close to the Earth, so they orbit about 130 miles up. Communications satellites are generally at 23,000 miles up. GPS satellites are up about 13,000 miles.
That depends on the purpose of the satellite. Many are in "low Earth orbit", between 120 and 200 miles up. Communications satellites are generally in "geo-synchronous" orbits 23,000 miles high, and GPS satellites are in 12,000 mile orbits. And many altitudes in between.
There are currently 32 GPS satellites Orbiting earth at 20,000Kms above sea level There are also 24 GLONASS satellites (The russian version of a GPS satellite) Which many high end GPS receivers will use in conjunction with the standard GPS satellites. These orbit a little lower than GPS at arond 19,000Kms above sea level. There are 4 Galileo Satellites, which are currently un used, but are the start of the European satellite constealltion which is a work in progress. They orbit at 24,000Kms above sea level. On top of all that, there are 10 Chinese navigation satellites called COMPASS orbiting in an orbit above China and Asia. They orbit at around 21,000 Kms above sea level.
Satellites of the Earth are held in their orbits by the Earth's gravity. That includes the Moon and all the artificial satellites etc. that are up there.
Prominences can screw up satellites.
The altitude of a satellite's orbit depends on the purpose of the satellite. Photographic satellites orbit close to the Earth, to get a good view. They are about 130 miles up. We want weather satellites and communications satellites to stay in the same spot in the sky all the time, which is called "geo-synchronous orbit", 23,500 miles up. GPS satellites are about 12,000 miles up.
GPS satellites orbit the earth, around 20,000Kms above us. They contain very precise atomic clocks which they use to produce a special timing signal which is then broadcast back to earth. Back on earth, we can use our GPS receivers (Like Sat Nav) to pick up the GPS signals, and by using very clever mathematical algorithms in conjunction with the timing signals we receive from the satellites, calculate our position on the surface of the earth.
Communication satellites receive signals from antennae on the Earth's surface, or from other satellites, amplify the signals, and beam them back to Earth. Because they are hundreds or thousands of miles up, their signals can cover a larger area than most radio or television signals broadcast on the surface, because of the Earth's curvature. (Radio waves don't go around corners well.) Some communications satellites are in quite low orbits, around 150 miles high. Others are in "geostationary" orbits at about 22,500 miles, where their rotation around the Earth is the same speed as the Earth's rotation, so that they stay above a particular spot all the time. Most broadcast satellites for TV, phone service and satellite radio are geostationary.
The layer of the atmosphere that is too high for conventional aircraft but too low for satellites is the stratosphere. This layer extends from about 10 to 50 kilometers (6 to 31 miles) above the Earth's surface. While commercial jets typically operate at altitudes up to about 12 kilometers (39,000 feet), satellites orbit much higher, generally starting from around 160 kilometers (about 100 miles) above the Earth. Thus, the stratosphere serves as a boundary between these two modes of flight.
Oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere reaches up to about 100 kilometers above the surface.
Satellites typically orbit in low Earth orbit (LEO) at altitudes ranging from 160 to 2,000 kilometers, in medium Earth orbit (MEO) around 10,000 kilometers, or in geostationary orbit (GEO) at around 35,786 kilometers above Earth's equator. The altitude depends on the purpose and function of the satellite.