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Ethanol is used to create a solution with the haloalkane and is simply the most convenient solvent- water would not work as it simply does not mix with hydrocarbons!

Silver nitrate is used as an indicator- when dissolved the ionic bond holding the Silver atom to the rest of the molecule is broken letting loose positive silver ions into the solution. These react with the lone negative halogen ions which are formed by the hydrolysis of haloalkanes, to form a visible precipitate. This indicates that hydrolysis has occurred and the colour can show the which haloalkane was hydrolysed.

Yellow- Iodoalkane Cream- Bromoalkane White- Chloroalkane

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Q: Why are silver nitrate and ethanol used in haloalkane hydrolysis?
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