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The elements were arranged according to atomic number. And atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons.

There is a rule (octet rule), which states that for an atom to be stable, it needs 8 electrons.

The First Group has one excess electron to be stable. Group 7 needs one electron to be stable.

(in short... 1-1=0(stable), 7+1=8(stable))

Group 8 has 8. So it is stable, and located at the end of the table.

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Q: Why are the atoms on the periodic table set up in columns What is so special about their atomic structure Why is Ne in the last column while Li in the first?
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