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There are 2 lithium atoms in lithium sulfate because of a balance of charges.
The sulfate anion has a "2-" charge (SO4 2-), and the lithium cation has a "1+" charge (Li 1+). Leaving the compound as LiSO4 would leave the total charge of the compound as (1+) + (2-) = (1-) - not 0, as is required. In order to balance out the "2-" charge of the sulfate anion, there must be 2+ charge with the lithium cation. Thus, there is a need for 2 lithium atoms in the compound of lithium sulfate (the formula is Li2SO4).
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