1. Babylonian Talmud 2. Jerusalem Talmud
1) The Talmud is revered as a religious text, but it isn't worshiped. Only God is worshiped. 2) The Talmud is practiced through the observance of Jewish law, as religious Jews do today. Jewish law is codified in the Talmud.
Yes, there are 2: 1. Babylonian Talmud (started in the beginning of the 3rd century C.E. and completed 6th century C.E.) 2. Jerusalem Talmud (completed 350 C.E.) -- There is the "Talmud Bavli" (Babylonian Talmud), mostly in Aramaic, compiled of debates and deliberations that took place during the Babylonian exile. The Talmud Bavli is the definitive text. -- And there is the "Talmud Yerushalmi" (Jerusalem Talmud), mostly in Hebrew, compiled of debates and deliberations that took place among the scholars who remained in Israel during the Babylonian exile. Please see the related link for additional information.
Not many people are aware that there are two Talmuds: the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud. When we speak of and quote the Talmud, we almost always are referring to the Babylonian Talmud, which is simply called "The Talmud." The Jerusalem Talmud is a separate work, which includes teachings of the Torah-sages of the land of Israel (Palestine) of the 3rd to 5th centuries CE. Its significance is that: 1) It includes many Torah-sayings that are not repeated in the "regular" Talmud, which are valuable in their own right; and 2) Whenever the Jerusalem Talmud states a decision or clarification in Torah-law that is not contradicted by the Babylonian Talmud, its decision is part of Jewish law.
The Talmud consists of 2 main parts: the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Mishnah contains about 4000 pages, and the Gemara contains about 5500 pages. So in total, the Talmud has around 9500 pages.
The Sabbath is in the Torah, and its details are discussed in the Talmud. In the Torah: Genesis ch.2, Exodus ch.20, Exodus 31:13-17, Leviticus ch.23, and several other passages. In the Talmud, there's an entire volume called "Shabbat," the second-longest Talmud-volume, with 24 chapters. The 39 forms of work which are prohibited on the Sabbath are listed in the Talmud, Shabbat 73b.
The Tanach (Hebrew Bible) is not in the Talmud. The Talmud contains commentary on the Tanach.
The Talmud doesn't address the issue explicitly, but it does explicitly forbid sexual intercourse between two males (Talmud, Sanhedrin 53a), based on the Torah (Leviticus 18:22).In speaking of marriage, the Talmud (Yevamot 62b) endorses the paradigm of male-female marriage, based on the Torah (Genesis 2:22-24).
Eiruvin (that's Talmud, not Mishna).
The Talmud Unmasked was created in 1892.
Survivors' Talmud was created in 1951.
The Talmud is the 'Oral Law'. Similar to Torah but Torah is written down while Talmud is spoken.