They aren't always black. Tornadoes may appear black, gray, white, brown, or red depending on conditions. There are two things that can make a tornado visible: dust and condensation. As air is drawn into a tornado it decompresses and cools, which often causes the moisture in that air to condense and form a cloud. The cloud may appear white, gray, or black depending on how it is lit. It will appear white if lift from the front and black if lit from behind. Many tornadoes also lift a large amounts of soil into the air and so take on the color of the soil, which varies from one place to another.
Winds in a tornado spiral inward and upward.
Tornado damaged is caused by a tornado's powerful winds and objects carried y those winds.
On rare occasions winds in a tornado can get to a little over 300mph.
A tornado with estimated winds of 100 mph would be rated EF1.
A tornado with estimated winds of 120 mph would be rated EF2.
It depends on the cyclone, and the tornado. In some cases cyclone winds and tornado winds fall into the same range. However, tornado winds are generally stronger. By definition, a tornado must produce winds strong enough to cause damage; the same is not true of a cyclone. The very strongest tornadoes produce winds in excess of 300 mph, the fastest winds on earth.
Winds in a tornado can get up to 300 mph.
It depends on the tornado. If it is a single vortex tornado the winds near at the edge of the core will be the fastest. However, many of the strongest tornadoes are multivortex, meaning that they have smaller vorticies (almost like mini tornadoes) inside the main vortex. In a multivortex tornado the fastest winds are within these subvortices.
The strongest winds in a tornado are typically on the right side of the tornado's path, known as the "right-front quadrant." This area can experience wind speeds exceeding 200 mph, making it the most dangerous part of the tornado.
The winds of a tornado are very vast. The force the winds carry can tear things apart or push them past their breaking point. The winds even in a "weak" tornado can also topple trees onto buildings. The winds in strong tornado can propel objects at high speeds, causing more damage than the wind alone. The stronger a tornado gets, the larger and heavier objects it can carry.
The Enhanced Fujita scale puts the beginning of tornado winds at 65 mph. Doppler radar has detected winds in a tornado of just over 300 mph.
In a single-vortex tornado the fastest winds are found at the outer edge of the core, generally on the tornado's right side in the northern hemisphere and the left side in the southern. In a multiple-vortex tornado the fastest winds are found in the subvortices within the main circulation.