Because they cannot visit stars and measure their sizes with a tape measure!
the sun
I have usually seen them quoted in kilometers.
Astronomers use luminosity to measure the total amount of energy a star emits in all directions. By knowing a star's luminosity, astronomers can calculate its distance, size, and temperature. Luminosity helps astronomers understand the life cycle of stars and their evolution.
the astronomers use Absolute magnitude
Astronomers use infrared light to map the dust in between stars.
Astronomers measure distances from Earth to stars using a method called parallax, which involves observing the apparent shift in a star's position as Earth orbits the Sun. They also use techniques like spectroscopy and standard candles to estimate distances to stars that are farther away.
Astronomers use temperature, luminosity, size, and color to classify stars. These factors help categorize stars into different spectral types and determine their position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
The four variables astronomers use to classify stars are temperature, luminosity, size or radius, and mass. By analyzing these properties, astronomers can determine a star's position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and classify it into different spectral types and stages of stellar evolution.
To compare and classify stars.
Astronomers can use their eyes to study the stars. They can also use various telescopes that either refract, reflect, and detect exotic formations.
Spectroscopy.
There was a cluster of stars that the astronomers were studying carefully.