The surface of Jupiter is not solid!
The first spacecraft to visit and explore Jupiter was the Pioneer 10 in 1973. The Pioneer 10 was created by NASA and made in the U.S.
No spacecraft has been sent specifically to study Europa, but several spacecraft that have observed Jupiter also spent time observing Europa. Planned to launch around 2020, the Europa Jupiter System Mission will send 2 to 4 spacecraft to Jupiter, with one spacecraft dedicated to studying Europa: the Jupiter Europa Orbiter.
We should send space probe just like New Horizons Spacecraft to Eris. So we can launch this spacecraft in 2015 to make Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune flybys then to Eris.
No, no human has ever been on Jupiter. Jupiter is a gas giant with extreme conditions, including intense radiation and gravity, making it inhospitable for humans to visit or land on. spacecraft have only passed by Jupiter or orbited it for scientific study.
It depends on the size of the vessel and the kind of propulsion used... so I can't really give an answer. On a side note 90-95% of a spacecraft's fuel is used to break earth's gravity, once in space it takes very little fuel to move a large distance.
In 2008, NASA launched its New Horizon's spacecraft. It took 13 months to reach Jupiter. This was a huge improvement over NASA's first attempt to send a rocket to Jupiter. The Galileo craft took 6 years to make the same trip!
NASA has send probes to take photos of Jupiter and its moons starting with the Pioneer missions all the way back in the early 1970's and the Voyager Probes later that same decade. Probes have also been sent to fly by Jupiter in later years, most notably the Galileo Orbiter sent at the end of 1989. The orbiter also had and atmospheric entry probe that was separated and sent to enter Jupiter's gases and send back as much data as possible before being crushed by the tremendous pressure. The last Jupiter fly-by was by New Horizons a probe on it's way to Pluto. New Horizons used Jupiter as other outer solar system probes have, as a slingshot to propel them further out into space.
Yes. The gravitational force of Jupiter was used to accelerate the spacecraft and change it's direction so that it would encounter Saturn. At Saturn the same technique was used to send the spaceraft to Uranus.
after the US
The first country to send a spacecraft to the moon was the Soviet Union with their Luna 2 mission in 1959.
yes
neil Armstrong