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AM radio waves bounce off the ionosphere. Favorable weather conditions and lack of sunspot activity enhance the waves' ability to bounce between the earth's surface and atmosphere, allowing the broadcast to travel a greater distance.

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Q: Why can some am broadcasts be heard for great distances under certain conditions?
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Why can AM broadcasts be heard for greater distances under certain conditions?

You can hear AM stations farther away more at night due to a condition known as SKIP, or Skywave Propagation. The propagation of AM radio waves changes drastically from daytime to nighttime. This change in AM radio propagation occurs at sunset due to radical shifts in the ionospheric layers, which persist throughout the night. During daytime hours when ionospheric reflection does not occur to any great degree, AM signals travel principally by conduction over the surface of the earth. A condition known as "groundwave" propagation. Useful daytime AM service is generally limited to a radius of no more than about 100 miles, even for the most powerful stations. However, during nighttime hours the AM signals can travel over hundreds of miles by reflection from the ionosphere, a phenomenon called "skywave" propagation. Basically the AM signal bounces off the ionosphere back to the earth rather than traveling in a direct line. This bounce allows the signal to be heard over vast distances. Amateur radio operators call this talking skip.


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