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There were alliances between them, which shifted according to circumstances. As the Persian threat emerged, they took sides, some with Persia, a couple of dozen led by Sparta, against Persia.
Alexander the great
Xerxes, his successor as king, who carried out Darius' plan to control the Greek cities in Europe after his death.
A common language - Aramaic in 376 BCE. This was still the common language two thousand years ago in Palestine, though Greek had become the commercial lingua franca following Alexander's conquests.
Darius, who ruled from 521 BC to 486 BC added a new Persian province in western India. He then conquered Thrace in Europe, created the world's largest empire to that time. Contact with Greece led Darius to invade the Greek mainland. He also created an army known as the immortals because whenever a member was killed, he was immediately replaced. So what I'm trying to say is that he is was the guy who led Persia to victory and power.
They were kings of Persia.
Persia was ruled first by king Darius then King Xerxes. The Greek city-states were ruled by their aristocracies.
499-449 BCE.
Darius cut off Alexander's line of retreat and communications back to the Greek mainland in an effort to end Alexander's invasion of Persia.
There were three kings of Persia called Darius in the 6th, 5th and 4th Centuries BCE. Greece was not a unified country - the Greek world was comprised of 2,000 independent city-states, including Sparta, Thebes, Corinth, Athens. So there was no capital of the Greek world.
Darius.
Athens' decisive role in spearheading Greek resistance against Persia.:)
The Greek-Persian war's, started because Athens and Eritrea sent ships to assist the Ionian's in separating from the Persian empire, because a divided Persia is easier to conquer. It was Darius who began preparations to attack Greece but soon after he died and his son Xerxes took over the task. This was a retaliation against Greece ( an eye for an eye), Persia was not the aggressor.
Persia was attempting to include the Greek cities within its empire to stabilise its borders. The Greek citiy-states objected.
Persia
He divided the empire into 10 provinces each under a Persian governor, overseen by the king and his council, so stabilising it. His object as to maintain peace, security and prosperity. His main problem was an uprising by the Greek city-states in Asia Minor which he put down, but had to face the problem of Greek cities outside the empire interfering in their support, which embroiled Persia in a 50-year war with the Greek cities.
The Greek city-states in Asia Minor revolted against Persian rule in 499 BCE.