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Israel was never monotheistic, although God was one of the gods worshipped. Even Judah was not monotheistic until the seventh-century-BCE reign of King Josiah, and not wholly monotheistic until at least the time of the Babylonian Exile.

The biblical authors had to recognise these facts, and explain them. The solution was to have prophets almost constantly calling the people back to God, but soon the people strayed. This creates the illusion of a national God and his people who, in spite of overwhelming evidence for the existence of God and his benevolence towards them, soon returned to foreign gods. We now know that these were not foreign gods: they were part of the ancient Hebrew pantheon.

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15y ago

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