Well they looked at the sky and figured they could always see them both and that they were just going around the earth. Not that the moon was going around us but we were going around the moon.
Unknown at the present time - but you can assume something in near Earth orbit.
I assume you mean "around the Sun". That is the Earth's orbit. The plane of this orbit is called the ecliptic.
Is it Jupiter's orbit, a parsec, the average diameter of the Earth's orbit or a light year? Please choose one of the following.
Its own rotation keeps pace with its orbit in such a way that only one "side" faces the Earth.
Astronomers can predict the return of comets like Hale-Bopp by using mathematical models that trace the comet's orbit based on its previous trajectory and gravitational interactions with other celestial bodies. By studying the comet's orbit, scientists can estimate when Hale-Bopp will make its next appearance near Earth.
Reality is subjective. Our bodies orbit the sun in a clever sense, if you assume that your inner thoughts, soul, is tangible and can 'orbit' anything.
* main sequence The sun. (sometimes called 'Solaris' by astronomers)
Astronomers use a method called parallax to measure the distance to nearby stars. By observing how a star's position changes when viewed from different points in Earth's orbit around the Sun, astronomers can calculate the star's distance based on the angle of this apparent shift.
I assume you're asking how far Earth is from the Sun? It's about 150,000,000km or 93,000,000 miles.
Astronomers predicted the existence and orbit of Neptune based on discrepancies in the orbit of Uranus. These discrepancies suggested the gravitational influence of another planet beyond Uranus, leading to the discovery of Neptune in 1846.
The month originally was the amount of time the moon took to orbit the earth. This has been modified many times over the years but is still an approximation.
I assume you mean "the focus of the ellipse". That's the Earth, since the Moon revolves around Earth.