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Here is Jesus himself explaining it in the Bible:Matthew 9:11-13New International Version (NIV)

11 When the Pharisees saw this, they asked his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?"

12 On hearing this, Jesus said, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. 13 But go and learn what this means: 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice.'[a] For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners."

Matthew 19:24New International Version (NIV)

24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God."

When The Bible says 'righteous', it is not saying there really is any human righteous in God's eyes by himself, but the Bible is referring to those who see themselves as not needing a Saviour (i.e. self-righteous). Thus in the first verse reference, 'sinners' refers to those who have admitted that they are sinners and they need Jesus - these are the people whom Jesus will accept. This explains a basic principle of Christianity, that the first step to accepting Jesus as Saviour is realizing one's own sinfulness and unholiness.

In the first, more common meaning of the word 'poor', Jesus came to save these people who are lacking financially as they are aware of their poverty and are more aware of their need for a personal Saviour. Whereas the rich and affluent are materially sufficient and do not lack anything, the poor usually are more ready to admit their need for Jesus.

This verse will explain the second, biblical extension of the word 'poor':

Matthew 5:3

"Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven."

Jesus refers not only to those oppressed, blind, lame, and lacking financially. He came to save those who are spiritually poor towards God, including those who are materially rich. If a rich person comes before God realizing he needs Jesus, Jesus will readily accept him into His kingdom. It can be seen that in both cases of the word 'poor' the most important thing is the individual's self-realization of one's sinfulness and need for Jesus.

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Related Questions

How were the poor treated during the time of Jesus?

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