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There are patriarchs in the Catholic Church, usually called archbishops. They are found primarily in some of the eastern rites of Catholicism. The Orthodox Church also has patriarchs.
Yes. They are under the authority of Patriarchs.
Nobody owned the Eastern Orthodox Church (which originally was called the Greek or Eastern Church). The highest authorities of the church were the four patriarchs: the patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem and Constantinople. From the reign of Justinian the Great on, the Byzantine Emperors were like supreme authorities of the church, exercising a strong control over the ecclesiastical hierarchy, protecting the church, presiding over its ecumenical councils and appointing the Patriarchs. However, they did not own the church.
Eastern Orthodox Churches are under the authority of Patriarchs. The Patriarch of Istanbul is the successor of St. Andrew the Apostle & brother of St. Peter the Apostle.
Despite the 12 other patriarchs, The Ecumenical Patriarch resides in Constantinople, which is Present Day Istanbul.
The Patriarchs were found at the top of the early Christian church hierarchy.
The two Christian churches that developed after the split in 1054 are the Roman Catholic Church, based in Rome and headed by the Pope, and the Eastern Orthodox Church, which has its headquarters in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and is led by various patriarchs.
Rome and Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem were the main centres of Christianity in the Later Roman Empire. They were the seats of the five patriarchs of the Catholic Church. At that time, this was the name for a church which comprised the two largest Christian churches of the Empire which both subscribed to the doctrine of the trinity (the Nicene Creed). They were the Latin or Western Church (which was the main form of Christianity in the western part of the empire) and the Greek or Eastern Church (which was the main form of Christianity in the eastern part of the empire). Later they came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively. The Bishop of Rome (which later also came to be called pope) was the head of the Latin/Western Church. The Greek/Eastern Church was headed by four patriarchs, the patriarchs of Constantinople. Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem)
The western church became known as the Roman Catholic Church after the Great Schism of 1054. This schism divided Christianity into two branches: the Western Church, led by the Pope in Rome, and the Eastern Church, known as the Orthodox Church, headed by the Patriarchs of Constantinople.
Gavrilo has written: 'Memoari Patrijarha srpskog Gavrila' -- subject(s): Biography, Bishops, History, Orthodox Eastern Church, Patriarchs and patriarchate, Srpska pravoslavna crkva
The Armenian Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. What that means is that a member of a local Catholic Church and a member of the Armenian Catholic Church are essentially the same. The Apostle Peter is considered to be the first Pope and founder of Roman Catholicism. Tradition tells us that the Eastern churches were formed by others of Jesus's Apostles after his death and resurrection. It is interesting to note that many of the Eastern churches have been in and out of communion with Rome, and that most if not all of the Eastern churches (19+ from different parts of the world) have counterpart churches with virtually the same traditions which are not in communion with Rome. Roman Catholics can attend Masses and take Communion in Eastern Catholic Churches and vice versa, but the liturgies (order of the Mass) will be very different.
filioque means " and the son". In the creed we say "We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,who proceeds from the father and the son". Orthodox religions say "who proceeds from the father through the son" which caused church divisions.