Why in did the Jews leave Palestine in the year 132 CE?

Answer 1

In the Spring of 66 AD, the Jews of Roman Judea had had enough of Roman intolerance and rose up in rebellion against the excesses of the procurator Gessius Florus. Without any apparently plan or organized leadership, Rebels seized control of Jerusalem (Hierosolyma) section by section, and then finally massacred the sole cohort of Roman infantry left behind by Florus as a garrison. A relief army of 30,000 under Cestius Gallus, the Roman Governor of Syria, quickly quashed resistance in northern Judea and then marched on Jerusalem, assaulting the walls for eight days and seriously demoralizing the defenders before withdrawing (presumably because his army was proving unreliable and he lacked a seige train to conduct seige operations). Gallus retired to Beth-Horon, where the rejuvenated rebels attacked him, inflicting a heavy defeat. Realizing that the die was irreparably cast for war, the Jewish aristocrat and priest classes quickly organized the country, dividing it into eleven administrative districts, each with its own commander and small army. Unfortunately for their cause, the divided Jewish forces were unable to coordinate their operations or come to each for mutual support. The Emperor Nero responded to news of Gallus' defeat by dispatching Vespasian to command the three legions and auxiliaries (nearly 60,000 men) already enroute to suppress the rebellion. The Romans successfully beseiged Jotapata and then marched to the port of Caesarea, where they met Vespasian, who lead them across country to Tiberias and Gamala. This campaign successfully secured the Galilee by the close of 67 AD. Roman successes prompted internal dissension among the Jewish leaders, leading the fanatical Zealots under John and their allies, the Idumaean Jews of southern Judea, to overthrow the aristocrats and seize control of Jerusalem. Later, Simon and his bandits entered the city and contested the Zealots' control, making life doubly difficult for the aristocrats and priests. Vespasian then moved southward in a multi-pronged campaign that resulted in the recapture of Gadara, Jericho and Emmaus, thus successfully isolating the Jewish rebels at Jerusalem by the close of 68 AD. Before he could complete the campaign, however, Nero was overthrown and Vespasian was proclaimed emperor by his eastern legions in July 69 AD. Shortly thereafter, he departed for Rome, leaving his son Titus in command of operations. Titus then moved on Jerusalem, which in September 70 AD, after a seven month seige. The Herodian temple and much of the city was razed, captives were shipped off to the gladiatorial games or Roman mines, and John and Simon were captured and sent to Rome to participate in Vespasian's Triumph, after which Simon was executed. The fall of Jerusalem marked the effective end of the Jewish Revolt (and this period in the DBA army list), however mop-up operations continued for the next four years under the generals Lucilius Bassus and Flavius Silva against fanatical bands of rebels who holed up in fortresses at Herodium, Machaerus and Masada in the south of Judea. Masada was the last to fall (Spring 74 AD). After the Romans had completed extensive preparations for an assault against the rocky citadel, Masada's defenders committed mass suicide rather than risk falling into Roman hands. The second Jewish Revolt (132-135 AD) was prompted by the Emperor Hadrian, who during his travels through Judea in 130 AD indulged himself in several provocations, including a decree banning circumcism, construction of a tomb to Pompey (who had desecrated the Temple of Yahweh in Jersusalem in 63 BC) and the pronouncement that he would rebuild Jerusalem as the Roman city Aeolia Capitolina, including construction of a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus on the site of Herod's temple. Apparently designed to provoke a reaction, Hadrian's actions certainly did not sit well with the natives, who promptly revolted under the leadership of Simon Bar Kokhba. Little is recorded of the rebellion, despite the fact that it was fiercely fought and lasted approximately three and a half years before the Roman army under Julius Serverus was able to bring Bar Kokhba to bay in a fortress near Jerusalem. Jewish annals record that 50 forts and 985 villages were destroyed and that 580,000 Jews were killed during the course of the war. The Romans for their part were reputed to have lost the legio XXII Deiotariana. In the rebellion's aftermath, Hadrian permanently banned Jews from setting foot in Jerusalem and then rebuilt the city as a Roman colony.

Answer 2

The question is wrong.

After the Second Destruction, there were thousands of Jews who remained in Israel (Judea; Palestine) throughout the Talmudic era and beyond (see for example the Talmud, Sanhedrin 17b). They were the majority of Palestine's population well into the fourth century, with records attesting to at least 43 Jewish communities, most of them in the Galilee and Jordan valley. After that, there were still Yeshivas in Israel with at least some thousands of community-members. Though their numbers sometimes swelled or dwindled, Jews never completely left the Holy Land. See also the attached Related Link for details.

Answer 3

The Romans forced all Jews to leave Jerusalem and banned them from ever returning to the city. However, hundreds of thousands of Jews remained in the northern area of Judea (the Galilee).