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The original senate was not very large. The one created by Romulus, first king of Rome who founded the city in 753 BC, had 100 members. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, increased its size to 200. We are not told why he did this. We are only told that the new senators were called junior gentium. This Latin word usually meant clan, but also meant nations and occasionally it referred to the people.

We are told that in 81 BC Lucius Cornelius Sulla doubled the size of the membership of the senate from 300 to 600. However, we are not told when the size of the senate had been increased from 200 to 300, or who did it. Sulla enlarged the senate to give a seat to all former junior officers of state. Previously only the former senior officers of state had access to the senate.

Julius Caesar increased the size of the senate to 900. He did so to fill the new seats with his supporters. His successor, Augustus, brought its size back to 600.

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