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After the 'race to the sea' the trenches on both sides extended as far as possible. Going over the trenches ensured death by shelling/machine guns. The only way left was down. Introducing tunneling was a way to get under the enemy and accomplish the following:

- To get under the enemy trenches to spy/ listen to them.

- To place explosives under hardened points to be detonated before an attack, like what the British did at the Somme and Passchendaele.

- For protection from shelling, the caves at Arras, France were used for storage before the war, during it they were expanded for British use during the Battle of Arras.

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