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why did the reforms introduced by empress dowager cixi and general yuan shigai fail to improve the way china was governed
No, China was a Monarchy for over 2000 years but the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, lead by Sun Yat-Sen and his Republican supporters, overthrew Empress Dowager Longyu, the Xuantong Emperor, (Puyi, but was a minor at the time of the revolution) and the Qing Dynasty. Imperial China fell when Empress Dowager Longyu abdicated on behalf of the 6 year old Xuantong Emperor (Puyi) resulting in the downfall of the Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China with Sun Yat-Sen as its first President. The abdication was pressured by the double-crosser General Yuan Shikai who was loyal to the Empress at the beginning of the revolution but sided with the revolutionaries when Sun Yat-Sen offered that he would resign the presidency and give it to him without any national election if he successfully force Empress Dowager Longyu to abdicate which he agreed to. Had the Qing Dynasty been in excellent state, with Empress Dowager Longyu and Prince-Regent Zaifeng been very experienced, they could have possibly put down the Xinhai Revolution and China could retain an Empire!
Cixi supervised the Tongzhi Restoration, a series of moderate reforms that helped the regime survive until 1911. Although Cixi refused to adopt Western models of government, she supported technological and military reforms and the Self-Strengthening Movement.
Governed general
Social contract
In general, both the stock and commodities exchanges are governed by a board of directors who are elected from the membership of the exchange
An Indian general
Jack ashwin
Democracy.
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by a general counsel and five board members who are appointed by the president
an entire society agrees to be governed by it's general will.