There are Jewish people across the world. Most Jews live in the United States and Israel, though.
In Israel and the USA
The answer depends on how the question is read:Reading 1: At what time did only Jews and no other people live in Israel?Never. Jewish people have lived in Israel for thousands of years, but there has never been a time when ONLY Jewish people lived within it's borders.Reading 2: At what time did all Jews live exclusively in Israel?The Jewish People lived exclusively in Israel from their early development as a nation (in what is now Israel and the West Bank) up to 586 BCE when the Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of Judah and exiled the Jewish aristocracy to Babylon (and therefore made part of the Jewish community live outside of Israel). Never again did the Jews exclusively live in Israel.
When we were exiled from Israel, it was unavoidable.After we were exiled from Israel, it was unavoidable.
The Jewish home is considered to be Israel. All Jews are welcome there, and some Jews think that all Jews should live in Israel.
Israel is a predominantly Jewish country (>75%). However, of the Muslims who live in Israel, they are almost exclusively Sunnis.
The United States, Israel, and Russia have substantial Jewish populations, and many other countries have some Jewish population.
Farming is an important industry all over Israel.
As of 2010, 12,000.
Jewish people live in many countries, particularly the USA and their 'home': Israel.
To call Abraham a Jew is a bit anachronistic. Abraham is indeed the first patriarch of the Jewish people, but the term Jew as a reference to any member of the people now called Jewish was first used in the Book of Esther in the Bible. Later in Jewish history, there was a tendency to project Jewish practice back on the patriarchs, so you could say that after the Babylonian Exile, the Jewish community as a whole started considering Abraham to be a Jew. Before the exile, tribal identities were more important, and the collective terms "am Israel" (people of Israel) or "benei Israel" (children of Israel) were used to refer collectively to the 12 tribes. Recall that Israel was the name assumed by Abraham's son Jacob after the incident at the ford of Jabbok.
Israel and America each contain about 40% of the world's Jews.