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They didn't.

All American carrier planes had radial engines but some Japanese and British aircraft had liquid-cooled engines, also planes built in Germany for their carrier which was never finished had liquid-cooled engines.

Radial engines were used in most cases because they were more rugged than other engines, a pilot would only need to watch his oil pressure gauge whereas using a different engine he would also have to check his coolant, and a single bullet in a liquid-cooled engine could cause it to seize up in a short time.

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Q: Why do all World War 2 carrier planes have radial engines?
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