Some older large vessels need to be pushed into position by pilot boats in tight spaces because they only have one set of screws (propellers) at the aft (rear) for forward propulsion. Modern day cruise ships have several sets of omni-directional screws for greater maneuverability, but still need pilot boats for emergency directional changes as well as communication to aid in navigation in tight spaces.
Yes, azipods and bow-thrusters do help for maneuverability, but it's a tugboat's job to help steer the vessel. The pilot boat's job is to tell the captain how to navigate in waters that he and the helmsman are unfamiliar with. So, cruise ships still need pilot boats (and always will) but most don't need tugboats.
The Disney Cruise Ships travel to places outside the USA.
There is no 'off season' for cruise ships. They need to maximise there use to make a profit.
Yes, the need to keep the generators going.
It is based on the number of passengers and crew that the ship can carry. There are more boats than needed in case some of the boats would be damaged.
Carnival comes to mind, when it comes to cruise ships. If you're interested in that they have a website, that has all the information you need. They're not the only ones though. There are many cruise ships, and each one varies in price, so you really have to do some research to figure out which one suits you best.
I don't know that any cruise ships have permanent dialysis units on board. However a group call Dialysis at Sea (see related link) does offer select cruises that will allow patients that need dialysis to take a cruise.
If you're traveling by plane, then yes. I'm not sure about cruise ships though.
Many people have sailed many boats and ships over the years. I would need more information, such as what specific boats, and whether or not you are referring to a boat race, and - if so - which one, before I could even begin to answer this question.
Yes you will need a passport if the sailing is after June 2009. But if you are traveling before that you can still use your birth certificate.
A cruise ship is almost like a floating city with a huge number of staff needed to operate. Ships need everything from mechanics to wait staff and entertainers.
becsuse the have the same facilities and accomodations as hotels
To be alive and sometimes follow boats and ships playfully.