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Density is defined as the mass of a substance per its unit volume (i.e. d = m/V).

The liquid form of any particular substance will have its atoms (or molecules, for a molecular substance) packed more closely together than its gaseous form. If they are packed more closely together in a liquid, there will be more atoms per unit volume in the liquid than the gas.


For example, if you were to take 1 cubic metre of argon gas (at 1 atm) and 1 cubic metre of liquid argon, you would have more atoms of argon in the liquid sample than the gas sample.


Therefore, for identical V, if m(gas) < m(liquid), then it follows that d(gas) < d(liquid).

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