BY movements of convetion currents in the mantle.
Minerals move downward through soils in a process called leaching. This occurs when water carries the minerals down through the soil layers, eventually reaching the groundwater or being deposited in lower layers of soil.
A soil profile is a vertical section of soil layers that shows the different horizons (layers) from the surface down to the parent material. It provides information about the composition, structure, and characteristics of the soil at a particular location.
The passing of minerals down through soil layers is known as leaching. Leaching occurs when water carries minerals from the topsoil down into deeper layers of the soil, which can affect the fertility of the soil and the availability of nutrients for plants. Factors such as rainfall intensity and soil composition can influence the rate of leaching.
Leaching.
The layers of soil that can be penetrated by water are known as the vadose zone. This zone consists of unsaturated soil layers where water can infiltrate and move through the soil profile. This water can eventually reach the groundwater table or be taken up by plant roots.
The downward movement of minerals through soil layers is known as leaching. This process occurs when water percolates through the soil, carrying minerals with it to lower layers. Leaching can impact soil fertility and nutrient availability for plants.
When soil materials are dissolved in water and carried down through soil layers, it forms a process known as leaching. This process can lead to the removal of essential nutrients, organic matter, and pollutants from the topsoil to deeper layers or groundwater. Over time, excessive leaching can result in soil degradation and reduced fertility.
inorganic soil layers are layers of broken down rock that have become soil without the organic material (such as: leaves, grass, decomposed life forms) . The Bedrock and Parts of the Parent Material are inorganic soil layers.
permeable
Water underground trickles down between particles of soil a through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
A cross section in soil is called a soil profile. It shows the different layers of soil and their characteristics from the surface down to the bedrock.
Water can move through Earth's rock and soil layers through a process called infiltration, where it percolates downward due to gravity. It can also move laterally through rock and soil layers via a process called percolation or through fractures and pore spaces in the materials. On the surface, water can flow over the ground as runoff, either flowing into bodies of water or infiltrating back into the ground.