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Magnets are composed of various materials. These include iron, cobalt, nickel, and some rare earth elements. Naturally occurring magnets are called lodestones.

A magnet often has two poles refered to as the North and South poles. These poles may be located in a variety of positions such as near the ends, on opposite faces, or even on the edges of a magnet.

Oppositly charged poles attract each other. Magnetism is seen whenever electrically charged particles are in motion. This comes from the movement of electrons in an electric current, resulting in electromagnetism, or from the quantum-mechanical spin and orbital motion of electrons, resulting in what are known as permanent magnets.

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