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Because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths.
by cleaning them regularlly
Optical Fiber Cabel
Usually, there is a laser diode that is optically coupled to the fiber.
WDM wavelength division multiplexing
The optical fiber can be used both as unidirectional and bidirectional. The main application of optical fiber is in long-distance links, so there exists no need to employ them as unidirectional. For each direction different wavelengths are used to modulat the signals. At the same time many bidirectional signals can travel through the same optical fiber.
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over cable, as optical signals over fiber, or wirelessly as radio signals
telephone
Fiber-optic communication refers to the transmission of information using optical fiber. Opto-electronic repeaters are used to convert fiber optic light transmissions to electrical signals.
No, A fiber optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors").
When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.