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Evil is specifically a problem of monotheism with an omniscient omnibenevolent god, such as in the Jewish, Christian, Islamic, Baha'i, etc. tradition. Evil is not a problem for monotheism with a wicked god or incompetent god or for polytheism in general. The reason that evil is a problem according to philosophers is simply that if God is all-powerful and all-good, the presence of evil in the world makes no sense. Either God is all-powerful and could stop the evil, but chooses not to (making Him not all-good) OR God is all-good and wishes he could stop the evil, but is incapable (making Him not all-powerful). The typical religious answer is that the evil in the world is a matter of perception and these things are actually a test to promote the better aspects of ourselves. Some philosophers are satisfied with this answer. Other philosophers argue that the evil in the world does not seem to target the most morally corrupt people, appearing entirely random, making it unlikely that such a test is being engineered.

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Q: Why do philosophers constitute evil as a problem of theism?
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