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The Dalai Lama was born and raised in Tibet as both their secular and religious leader.
The dalai lama has authority because they are seen as spritual leaders of the Tibetan people. They have many responsiblites, and they are believed to be the reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. And finally the senior monks find the next Dalai Lama through signs and visions.
The Dalai Lama is supposed to be a reincarnation of the other Tulkus. The Chinese government uses a number of criteria to find the next Dalai Lama. They look for crows nesting at certain house and follow clues given by the previous Dalai Lama.
The Dalai Lama is the secular head of the Tibetan government in exile and the religious leader of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.
As a Religious and Spiritual Guru
To be honest there is no such thing as Dalai Lama religion. The Dalai Lama between the 17th century and 1959 was in fact the title of the head political figure of the Tibetan government as well as the country's foremost religious figure. The current Dalai Lama is the 14th Dalai Lama in the line. However, each new Dalai Lama is chosen as being seen as a reincarnation (born again) of the previous Dalai Lama. The religion you may be thinking of is Buddhism; the religion practiced by the Dalai Lama and his followers.
Tibetan Buddhism is Buddhism practiced in Tibet and the Himalayan region. There are many sects (Nyingma, Kagyü, Sakya and Gelu) each with their own leader and no overall leader. The current leader of the Gelug school, the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism is the 14th Dalai Lama. He is perhaps the best known of these leaders.
The Dalai Lama has long been considered the secular (nonreligious) leader of Tibet although that has recently changed as the Dalai Lama would like the people of Tibet to have a democratically elected leader. The Dalai Lama is also the religious head of one of the major schools of Tibetan Buddhism called the Gelug, or yellow hat Buddhists.
The 14th Dalai Lama is the current Dalai Lama. He was born in 1935 and he is still alive.
The 14th Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso.
The cast of Dalai Lama Awakening - 2014 includes: The Dalai Lama as himself
The Dalai Lama won't retire. Like being a Bishop, being a Lama is a job for life. At the Dalai Lama's death, a new Dalai Lama will be chosen by the High Lamas of the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.