Since life as we know it requires water, scienctists hypothesize that Mars may have once had the conditions needed for life to exist.
Scientists used detectors which determined the mantle existed. As well, scientists must hypothesize and theorize what cannot be readily seen, and make determinations based on the evidence that does exist.
life to exist there
The necessary technological conditions did not exist.
To prove they exist
Scientists believe that wormholes may exist in the universe, potentially connecting different points in space and time.
Why scientists believe a liquid water ocean might exist on the moon Titan
yes. scientists do not share it in public.
The conditions in the sun's core that allows the plasma state to exist hydrogen nuclei.
Ghosts are considered to be supernatural for most people and scientists can not prove they exist or don't exist.
No, scientists have not found any evidence or proof that mermaids exist. The concept of mermaids is largely based on folklore and mythology, rather than scientific observation or documentation.
oxygen
Observation helps scientists gather an collect data, which without, their experiment(s) could not exist