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The Roman abbot Dionysus Exiguus devised the new Christian calendar in 533. He knew that it was impossible to say when Jesus was born, but he knew, or thought he knew, when Herod died. So, he chose to begin his Christian calendar on the year of Herod's death, and he based this on the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus. Unaware that Augustus only adopted that name four years after his reign began, going by his birth name of Octavius until then, Exiguus commenced his calendar just 4 years too late.

The calendar is not strictly speaking based on Jesus, but on King Herod, whose death was the nearest date that Dionysus felt he could establish. Partly in recognition of this, it is now common the refer to years as 'CE' (Common Era) rather than 'AD' ( erroneously: the year of our Lord).

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