Hair is made of large molecules called proteins that are capable of forming bonds between themselves and with different parts of themselves. By applying heat to hair the protein molecules are made to rearrange these bonds so that the curls are made semipermanent.
No because it already is an energy.
Thermal energy is just heat. To convert it to mechanical energy you need some sort of heat engine, like an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine.
It uses electrical energy to produce thermal energy.
Almost every mechanical device converts some of its mechanical energy to thermal energy. Some examples I can think of at the moment are: -- drill bit -- saw blade -- file
Simply use conservation of energy. The change in an object's thermal energy is equal to any heat (thermal) energy that gets into the object, minus any heat energy that gets out of the object. If you have energy conversion, such as chemical reactions, you need to account for the increase or reduction of heat energy due to those reactions, as well.
No, curling irons can only reach 200F to 300F, to melt solder you need to reach at least 600F (which would catch hair on fire!).
Curling irons are used to curl the hair. They come in a variety of models, but usually have a barrel and clamp.
When selecting a curling iron you need to consider many factors including your hair type and desired curl size. Curling irons come in many different heat settings and sizes. I would suggest a non-professional iron (since they typically have a non-spring loaded clamp and are hard to master).
No because it already is an energy.
It varies from one curling ironto another. Newer irons usually can heat up in 2-5 minutes. Older irons might need 5-10. My suggestion to check if its hot enough is to grab a dry washcloth and clamp the iron on it for a second, then feel the washcloth. If it feels warm enough, it's probably ready to curl.
You would need to calculate, or estimate, the thermal energy.
You generally need a catalyst or a mechanism to convert the energy. For example to convert fuel (a mass) into thermal energy, oxidizer and a spark are needed.
We call material that acts in that way a thermal insulator. Sometimes we shorten it to just insulation, but we need to be clear that we're talking about thermal energy and not, say, electrical energy.
Hair dryers, straighteners, and curling irons are a few of the appliances you will need. You may be able to get by with a handheld blow dryer, but if you get many clients you will need the sit-down hair dryers.
Thermal energy is just heat. To convert it to mechanical energy you need some sort of heat engine, like an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine.
We frequently refer to thermal energy as heat. Need a link? You got it. Look below and you'll see a route to the Wikipedia article.
Any fuel will do.