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A new drug is tested on healthy volunteers first (in what are called Phase 1 clinical trials) to determine if the drug is safe to give to humans. The drug company has already done extensive testing in cell cultures, tissue cultures, computer modeling and animal testing and is relatively sure that the drug is not dangerous, but cannot be sure until humans have taken the drug.

In Phase 2 clinical trials, people who are ill with the disease the drug is trying to cure or treat take it, again to test safety and also to get an idea of what the dosing should be, if there appears to be any benefit from the drug and what side effects there may be.

Phase 3 clinical trials are when a large number of people take the drug to see if it actually works; safety and dosage have already been determined.

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12y ago
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14y ago

You test new drugs on humans to see if they will work on humans. The purpose of new drugs is to see if they will treat a disease that humans have. First the drugs are developed in the lab. Then they are tested on animals. If the animals survive they are tested on a group of ten humans. This is phase one. If those ten survive and the drug works with them, the test goes to phase two. Phase two tests the drug in several hundred people. If the drug works with them and does very little damage, it will go to phase three. Phase three, determines ideal dosage and involves several thousand people. Then if it works, the drug will be marketed. The manufacturer will know the drug works and can treat patients. Most new drugs do not work or have serious side effects. You might read about a new miracle cure. Then you discover that it killed a number of people in phase one or phase 2 of trials. A number of cancer patients were willing to try a new drug for phase one of a study. It was their only hope. They did not care if they only had a 10% chance of survival. Still, you test new drugs starting with a small number of humans so that you only kill a small number of humans instead of selling the new miracle cure to thousands and killing thousands.

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13y ago

incase there are any serious side effects

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Q: Why are new drugs tested before they can be used?
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