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To hear the actual charges against him, and the opportunity to plead guilty or not guilty.
The prosecutor tries the defendants and presents evidence to find the defendants guilty.
Co-defendants can be sentenced differently. They do not have to all be found guilty or not guilty.
You have basically answered your own question, however there are other options like deferred adjudication, and no contest. A no contest plea means that you are not pleading guilty but you are not contesting the charges and you acknowledge that the state has sufficient evidence for a conviction.
standing mute means to not plead guilty or not guilty. In the United States when this occurs the judge will enter a plea of not guilty on the defendants behalf.
Admiralty courts
I think you're referring to a 'Kangaroo Court'
A criminal trial in which the plea is "not guilty"
The hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were presumed guilty were called Inquisitions. Inquisitions were sometimes held wherever a crime had occurred like on a ship.
That all defendants are considered innocent until proven guilty.
defendants can plead guilty without admitting guilt
Admiralty Court