It has been many years since she has seen him, and other men having been trying repeatedly to gain her affection, She wanted to be sure he was him.
Penelope promised to marry the tattered stranger if he succeeded in shooting the arrow through the axes. This challenge was set to test his identity as her husband Odysseus upon his return home.
Penelope
Penelope's final test for Odysseus is to ask him to move their bed, which Odysseus built himself and knows cannot be moved because it is constructed from an olive tree trunk that is part of the structure of their home. Odysseus passes the test by revealing this secret detail, allowing Penelope to finally recognize him as her husband.
Penelope set the test of stringing Odysseus's bow to identify the one suitor who could successfully complete this task, as it required great strength and skill. By setting this test, Penelope hoped to reveal the true identity of her husband, Odysseus, who she suspected might be among the suitors in disguise.
Penelope will challenge her suitors to string and shoot an arrow through several axe heads, a task only her husband Odysseus can accomplish. This challenge will serve as a test of their loyalty and true intentions towards her.
Penelope tests Odysseus by asking him about their bed, which only the true Odysseus would know was built inside a living olive tree. This test confirms his identity to Penelope and proves that he is her husband returned after a long absence.
Penelope tests her visitors by setting up a challenge involving her husband Odysseus's bow. She challenges the suitors to string and shoot an arrow through a line of twelve axe heads in order to prove their worthiness to marry her.
While he was dressed as a beggar, he saw one of the maids consorting with Penelope's suitor. Odysseus suggested that Penelope test which of her maids are faithful to her and not her suitors.
Penelope asks the servant to move the bed as a test, to see if the stranger is truly Odysseus. She knows the bed cannot be moved because it was built around an olive tree that is still standing. Only Odysseus would know this secret detail.
Penelope was suspicious of Odysseus because she wanted to make sure he was truly her husband returned home and not an imposter trying to deceive her. She devised a test using their marriage bed to see if Odysseus would pass her test and prove his identity.
Penelope's plan to test the suitors is to promise to choose a new husband once she finishes weaving a burial shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes. However, she secretly unravels the shroud at night to stall for time and see who remains loyal to her and Odysseus.
Penelope asks Odysseus if he will arrange to have his bed moved out of their bedroom while she gets used to him being home. Odysseus replies that this is impossible because the bed is built around a tree which grows within and forms a fundamental part of the structure of the palace and so to move it would be impossible. Only Odysseus would have known this and so he passes Penelope's test.