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The hot water heats the air in the system, causing it to expand.

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Q: Why does a bottle inflate when a bottle-and-balloon system is placed in hot water?
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Why a balloon inflates when a bottle and balloon system is placed in hot water?

The hot water heats up the air inside the bottle, causing it to expand, forcing some of the air out of the bottle and into the balloon, causing it to inflate. The larger the bottle, the more air that will be pushed into the balloon. The air in the balloon will quickly cool and, since hot air is less dense and therefore rises, the cooler air is forced back into the bottle to be heated up. Eventually the air will be a constant temperature and the balloon will reach the limit of inflation. As the water cools, the air cools and the balloon begins to deflate.


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