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When an object enters (or re-enters) Earth's atmosphere from outer space, the air is heated by the friction of the object's passage. This friction makes the object glow as it heats up. Remember, these things are traveling very fast, perhaps thousands of miles an hour, so the air around them gets heated up quite a bit. Space capsules and such have to have very good heat insulation on them or they'd burn up on re-entry.

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