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due to refraction If the pencil is vertical, then it shouldn't look broken.
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Because of refraction of light
-the pencil looks broken & bent in water. - the pencil looks bent, because of the refraction of light, that causes that to happen. -pencil looks really thick, in water.
Physically, the pencil remains a straight pencil. Optically, due to the refraction effect of water, the pencil will appear to be bent.
due to refraction If the pencil is vertical, then it shouldn't look broken.
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Because of refraction of light
More or less the same difference between a broken pencil and an unbroken pencil, except the bone has the potential to heal.
Rer
If the speed of light were the same in air and water, then the pencil would appearstraight, NOT broken. The beginning of the simplest explanation of why it doesappear broken is the fact that the speed of light is different in air and in water,and that causes light to bend when goes from one into the other.
-the pencil looks broken & bent in water. - the pencil looks bent, because of the refraction of light, that causes that to happen. -pencil looks really thick, in water.
First, remove broken pieces slowly. Then obtain new pencil and try to relax this time.
Layer of air at different temperatures refracts ("bends") light at different angles. Cold air is more dense than warm, and refracts light at a greater angle. Actually, it is the boundary between layers that does the refracting--poke a stick into a pool of water [or a pencil into a bowl of water] and observe the "broken" appearance. In the atmosphere, this can cause an image to appear "above" its actual location, usually upside down.
Nothing happens when the ray of light hits the pencil. But it bends when it crosses the boundary between the air and the water. Your brain ... thinking that the end of the pencil is in the same direction that the ray of light is coming from ... thinks that the part of the pencil under the water is in a place where it's not, so the pencil appears bent at the water line.
That is a very sharp response...Writing with a broken pencil is pointless...
broken pencil