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To understand why air rushes into a vacuum cleaner nozzle we need to trace air flow in the machine. Let's do that.

The motor in a vacuum cleaner spins a fan, and the fan moves air. The air intake for the fan is connected to ducting that is routed to the nozzle. As the fan forces air out in its exhaust stream, it creates low pressure on the suction side of the fan. This low pressure (a partial vacuum) is felt along the air path to the nozzle. At the nozzle, outside air pressure forces air into the ducting where air pressure is lower. The moving air has picked up debris and carries it along. That debris ends up in a bag or filtered dirt canister or someplace else where it can accumulate and be collected for disposal.

This applies to machines that have bags or filters to get the debris out of the air stream before it goes through the motor to keep it cool. Some machines isolate the motor from the air stream created by the fan, and the motor is cooled by another fan. These "direct" vacuums operate in a way that sees the air stream and the debris pass through the fan and be driven into a bag.

The operation of the fan has created a low pressure area along the ducting between it (the fan) and the nozzle. Outside air pressure, being greater than the low pressure created by the fan and ducted to the nozzle, forces air into the nozzle.

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Q: Why does air rush into a vacuum cleaner nozzle?
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