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At low frequency, a large diameter speaker moves with the entire surface area in phase. But at a specific frequency, dependent on the speed of sound in the membrane material and the diameter, the surface closest to the drive point and the outer edges of the surface starts to move out of phase. The speaker wobbles, creating distortion and decreased sonic output. So a large area speaker is by this reason less well suited for reproducing high frequency signals.

Also, a large speaker is heavy, and is harder to accelerate. This also limits the high frequency reproduction.

Adversely, a small area speaker needs to move far, have a high amplitude, to reproduce low frequency signals, creating Doppler distortion and unlinear reproduction.

One way to solve these problems is to divide the signal between two or more drivers of different sizes.

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