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It doesn't "dissolve" in the chemical sense of the term, but is does melt, disperse, and form a mixture with molten iron.

When the iron first becomes a solid from a liquid (at least above 1130'C), it is in the form of austenite, which is a face-centred cubic structure of iron.

The structure leaves holes big enough for the smaller carbon atoms to fit in. However, when the austenite is quenched and forced to cool quickly, the iron goes through a eutectic transformation and becomes a body-centred cubic structure. This leaves no hole for the carbon atom to fit into, and so the carbon atoms are squeezed by the structure, causing a lot of tension and making the steel hard and brittle. The carbon atoms cannot be compressed, so they force the lattice to become tetrahedral instead of cubic.

Hope this helped.

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11y ago
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Q: Why does iron is considered the solvent and carbon is the solute in steel?
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