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The right ventricle has to pump blood out of the heart and through the lungs, to return it to the left atrium. There is a lot of resistance to blood flow through the lung capillaries, so a thick musle wall is needed to generate enough pressure to overcome this resistance. The right atrium only has to pump blood through an open valve (the tricuspid valve) into the right ventricle. There is much less resistance to this flow of blood so much less muscle is needed. See: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_anatomy.html

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Q: Why does the right ventricle have a thicker muscle wall than the right atrium?
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